Saturday, September 7, 2013

Week 1: Fresh Meat Fun Day, Fall Intake!

Aloha Freshies!

Today was the first day on skates for many of you, and for others it was review so that you can be a stronger skater by December! No matter where you are on the skill spectrum, basics can ALWAYS be improved.

Throughout the Fresh Meat intake period (Sept - Dec) you may see unfamiliar faces with pretty good technique. These are Pacific Roller Derby league skaters that are joining in on the practice to work on basics and get a good workout in. Don't be afraid of them, they are a helpful group of ladies and can give you great pointers!

I will give a caveat here, though, and say that not all well-intended PRD skaters that want to help you, bless their hearts, have extensive background in derby. Like you, they started at the beginning and had to learn. They want you to succeed, but might need more time on their own skates to figure out mechanics. It's great to have cheerleaders, though! Just know that some girls helping are new themselves, and take any advice with a grain of salt as you go. If it feels bad or dangerous, stop!  Absolutely do not attempt a skill we haven't learned yet if you are uncertain! This mostly applies to anything involving full contact (hits, pushes, whips, advanced agility). We will get to that crazy stuff in due time, so don't rush it. Safe skaters skate long careers. Hazardous skaters, not so much. Duh, right? You can roll your eyes, it's okay! I am dubbed the "Safety Queen," but I don't mind that title. It was earned through 7 years of skating and some super intense derby injuries. I think some risks in life are good risks (going out of your comfort zone and playing a contact sport, trying new things, learning new skills). Bad risks, however, are absolutely unnecessary (skating without safety gear, skating in locations with obvious hazards like posts/close fences, gravel, heavy traffic flow, etc). Wear your helmet on skates at all times. It only takes one fall, and you may fall just standing still. I've done it plenty. If you need to cool down, sit down and remove your helmet. If you are worried about looking cool, put some stickers on that bad boy, but remember... no helmet could mean scrambled brains. Is that worth looking "cool?" Heck no!

On to the practice recap:

Today we had 30 min of dryland training led by White Dynamite. He is your off-skates fitness instructor and will be helping you develop the hard derby bodies that you've been dreaming about! Please attempt to stick out all of the difficult workouts he throws at you... they will make you a better skater. Dynamite led you on a warm-up run, followed by core and leg work. You did some circuit training, and then I led you in some wall sit intervals. 30 secs sitting, 30 secs rest, 45 secs sitting, 45 secs rest, 1 min sitting and dunzo. If you do this at home, you can increase the length and rest times accordingly. For added legburning, work back down to 15 secs after you've increased to 2-3 min sits. Good times! Do it watching Celebrity Housewives or Hoarders, or during your next Orange is the New Black Marathon.

We got geared up in loaner gear, and only ONE SKATER forgot her mouthguard!! Omg, small miracle! I was so proud of all of you for being excellent listeners. I hope everyone found gear that fit them. If something wasn't working for you, make sure to speak up and talk to a PRD girl to get fitted correctly next Saturday. You will need to rely on PRD skaters less and less, and we will need to increase the speed in which we gear up. By next month, I will be timing you to completely gear up in less than 5 minutes, so work on it!

On skates, we checked to make sure you had everything on properly and then you started rolling around the track. We learned "SNOW PLOW STOPS" and "SINGLE KNEE FALLS," then we learned "DOUBLE KNEE FALLS." The trick with snow plows is to allow your legs to go super wide and stick your butt out, then curve your toes towards your center to brake. Please practice these if you have your own equipment. With falls, we stress to fall gently on your knees. It is more of a balance check than a hard "plop." We also worked on our STRIDE, which is how we push off from one skate to the next. Basic stride requires that you push off to the sides, not behind you. This will maximize your power in each push. Derby stance was mentioned: "get low and forward" sitting in your invisible chair. If you ever feel unstable like you might fall, sit lower in your "chair" and lean forward. This easy method will save you from a hard fall (now you see why core strength is so important!) I mentioned to "protect your boobs." This means to keep your elbows locked in to your chest. Yes, it really does protect your chest a bit, but more importantly, it helps your form... you learn not to rely on your arms for balance. Your legs are the real action in derby, which is why Tyrannosaurus Rexes would've made excellent derby skaters.


After a water break, we broke these basics down just a little bit more by doing them in a straight path across the rink, allowing PRD volunteers to give individual feedback on form. Then we learned about "T-STOPS." These are tricky, but super helpful in crowded skating situations. You can practice T-stops at home like Peku mentioned, by holding onto a wall, squatting, and after kicking one leg behind you, slowly dragging that leg in towards your standing leg, flat on the ground. Your feet will actually form an "L" shape, not so much a "T." Just sayin.

We did one of my favorite drills, "Space Invaders." This involves standing in derby stance and basically doing what I do. From a stand-still, we stepped to the right and stepped to the left, did right and left crossovers (basically a grapevine), stepped in circles, stood on our tippy toes, jumped in the air, touched the ground, and did ballerina twirls. All of this is great agility work. You can do the grapevines off-skates to improve your crossovers on skates. Try it out at home! The lower you get, the easier it is to perform the crossover.

Next we did a relay. It was exciting! We formed lines of 4 and sprinted to the halfway mark to do a double knee fall, got up, sprinted to the end and did a snow plow, turned around to sprint back, tagged our next buddy in line and did a rock star double knee fall! We increased the skills on the second relay by making it a single knee, alternate single knee fall and then an optional T-stop at the far end. I think ya'll did fabulous for your first day!

We went on the track again and did an introductory drill to learn about "PACE LINES." This involved "STICKY SKATING" and arm's length from a person in front and in back of you in a line, going DERBY DIRECTION (counter-clockwise) on the track. There were four pace lines. After a few laps around the track, I had the person leading each line drop to the back so that the next girl in line could lead. This drill should have allowed you some real-speed practice on how to do a snow plow or use a T-stop to slow down, as well as how to pace yourself with other skaters in your pack, or line.

We got water and took gear off, then watched a brief demo of a live-action scenario where we had PRD skaters demonstrate a "LINE" for a "JAM." One line from each team has 4 BLOCKERS and 1 JAMMER. In a jam, a full "PACK" consists of 4 blockers from each team and 1 jammer from each team. The jammers wear a STAR HELMET PANTY and the PIVOT blocker wears a STRIPE HELMET PANTY. A jam is started by the refs with one whistle. A jam lasts for 2 full minutes, unless one of the two jammers establishes LEAD JAMMER. Lead jammer status is achieved by successfully passing all blockers from both teams legally and in bounds before the opposing jammer. The jammer, once clearing the pack on her INITIAL PASS, must sprint around the track. When she enters the pack on her second pass, she begins to score points for each blocker (and sometimes jammer) on the opposing team. All she has to do is pass the opposing blocker's hips legally to get her point. A jammer may accrue 1 point for each blocker/jammer on each pass, so a good pass will earn that jammer 4-5 points, depending. There are plenty of things that can go wrong and earn a blocker/jammer a trip to the PENALTY BOX. You will learn about penalties along the way in your derby adventure, so I'm going to stop there before your head explodes!


We talked a bit about expectations at the end of today. Missing one or two practices is okay, but always let me know so I can jot it down. If you miss more than three or know you are going to miss some for whatever reason, get with me so that I can talk to you about that and develop a plan. It doesn't mean you're doomed or shouldn't skate in fresh meat, but you will be missing a lot of material. 

Every Saturday we will incorporate new skills. When you learn new skills, you can continue to practice them outside of Saturdays, but if you do NOT attend that Saturday when a new skill is taught, you are at serious risk for injury if you attempt it without a knowledgeable vet helping you to learn the skill correctly. There are some excellent skaters in PRD that can give you great tips to improve skills, so do reach out and ask questions on the facebook group. Seek out a derby mentor to help you with skills that are tricky for you. Be accountable for your own development as a skater by learning about the sport, looking up bout footage on www.wftda.com or www.derbynewsnetwork.com, and volunteer as an NSO at PRD bouts. Be accountable for building yourself up into a lean, mean, derby machine! I can't make you show up, and I can't make you work out during the week. You have to do it for yourself. I know you can!!

 I mentioned that this is the beginning of a journey with your fellow freshies, and that right now, you ARE NOT COMPETITORS. That comes later. Right now, you are each other's support system! Get to know each other. Arrange workouts together, especially off-skates workouts as you get ready to order your gear. Speaking of gear, order it! Put in a group order for your gear to save money on shipping. Questions? Ask on the Fresh Meat page on facebook... there are a lot of PRD girls on there that have background in this and have been in your position. Remember, we all start somewhere! Don't be discouraged. Some days it will feel like you are climbing a mountain, while other days you'll have a huge breakthrough...a true "ahAAA!" moment. Be there for each other for all of it, and be supportive. Pacific Roller Derby is lucky to have you, and I am extremely excited to help you as we start at the beginning. Welcome to roller derby, ladies!

xox, Calamity





Thursday, August 15, 2013

Choosing The Best Helmet For Roller Derby

Tricky thing about injuries... they don't often happen in bouts. More likely, they happen during practice, on your off day cross-training, and doing silly stuff... like skating nerf dodgeball or practicing your disco halftime moves. Recently, I suffered a concussion/shaken baby syndrome: I was warming up for scrimmage Sunday, and all of my safety gear was on. One of my shoelaces came undone and as I pulled myself off the track to tie it, it wrapped around my wheel, causing me to fall straight back (banana peel-style) and landing flat on my back... and the back of my head. This same type of fall killed a friend of my father's who was rollerblading on polished concrete without a helmet. Lucky for me, I had a helmet. My helmet actually cracked from the impact. I'm okay now, but there is a moral to this story: Wear your safety gear when you're on skates, and make sure the gear is GOOD gear. It's your muthafucking brain, yo. You only have one.

Here is a worthy post that I discovered as I search for a new helmet. Maybe you'll learn something, too!

Offline Deja Bruise

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    Choosing a Helmet for Roller Derby
    « on: July 12, 2012, 12:16:19 AM »
    Roller Derby, as it's played now, is a relatively new sport.  Helmets worn in roller derby are actually helmets designed for other sports or recreational activities - mainly skateboarding*.

    Since there are no helmet standards (in terms of manufacturing) specifically for roller derby, you'll need to take extra care to ensure that you have the protection you want from your helmet purchase.  The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and ASTM International are two entities that test helmets for impact/safety standards.  When purchasing a helmet for roller derby, it's recommended that you look for a CPSC or ASTM International rating to ensure that the helmet has been tested and rated for impacts.

    As the sport of roller derby grows, safety equipment needs continue to be re-evaluated.  Here are the most recent recommendations for helmets, listed "most suited" to "least suited" to the full-contact sport of roller derby...

    1. Ice hockey helmets.  Ice hockey helmets are highly recommended for roller derby.  Hockey helmets are designed and are tested for multiple-impacts over extended periods of time.  These are helmets that are designed/built for full-contact sport and high speed, violent falls.  Hockey helmets are held to an ASTM F1045 rating standard and are certified by the HECC (the Hockey Equipment Cerification Council).  Look for a HECC label and/or a sticker that says ASTM F1045 certified on the helmet or in the web product description.  The HECC also has a listing of certified helmets on their website.

    2. Multi-sport helmets that are CPSC and ASTM certified.  These helmets have the next highest recommendation for roller derby.  Consisting of ABS Shells and hard EPS or EPP foam liners, these helmets are certified for several small multiple impacts and one high/large impact.  Helmets in this category include: Nutcase Crossovers, Bern Macon Summer EPS Helmets, Bell Fraction, Bell Whiplash, ProTech Ace SXP and ProTech B2 SXP, S-One Lifer.  Model names can change so be sure to look for CPSC and ASTM ratings on the helmet or in the web product description.

    3. Helmets that are CPSC certified only.  Made with hard EPS or EPP foam liners. Certified for one high impact fall.  Look for the CPSC rating on the helmet or in the web product description.  Helmets in this category include: Triple 8 Brainsaver CPSC

    4. Soft-foam helmets.  Traditionally, soft foam helmets have been - and still are - marketed to skateboarders and roller derby players as multiple-impact helmets.  These helmets have been used by derby players for years, but these types of helmets do not meet impact testing standards set by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) or ASTM International.  Several states prohibit the sale of soft foam helmets for this reason. Helmets in this category include: Triple 8 Brainsaver, ProTec Classic, ProTec Ace, S-One Premium.

    Finally, all of this is moot if your helmet doesn't fit your head.  Make sure that the helmet fits you properly.  It should not wobble or shake on your head.  The helmet should sit level on your head and low on your forehead—one or two finger-widths above your eyebrow. The side straps should form a "V" shape under, and slightly in front of, each ear.

    *By law a bicycle helmet must meet the CPSC standard to be sold in the US market - but that law is unique to bicycle helmets, and there is no US law that says a helmet being marketed only for skateboarding and/or roller derby has to meet any standard whatsoever. The manufacturers and retailers can sell anything at all as a skateboard helmet and/or roller derby helmet as long as they don't market it for bicycling.


    Links:
    Windy City's study on helmet types and safety information
    https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bwvru-uzg6F5Utm8nH_TZd5lY8TNlCt_578tYVQSvDw/edit?hl=en&pli=1

    U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) table on helmet certifications.  As a relatively new sport, roller derby is not included on this list.
    http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/349.pdf

    WFTDA's helmet page
    http://wftda.com/gear-up/helmets

    Disclaimer: the following links are sponsored by S-One (a helmet manufacturer)
    http://s-onederby.blogspot.com/2012/04/list-of-best-helmets-for-roller-derby.html
    http://s-onederby.blogspot.com/2012/04/list-of-least-protective-helmets-for.html

    Wednesday, August 7, 2013

    A Fallen Star: Tough Love Advice from a Rookie

    I really can't explain the concept of hard work and dedication any better than this rookie did, so I'm posting it unamended. This woman is gonna NAIL that assessment next go-around!

    "A fallen star: Some of us didn't make it to or pass the White Star Assessments for a number of reasons, injury being one. I'd like to talk about why I didn't pass my assessment at the end of Spring Fresh Meat. I came into it thinking, there is no way I cannot pass. From the beginning, I knew that "sports" come naturally to me. I played basketball, softball, threw shotput/discus, powerlifted, and even ran cross country. To top it off in my adult life, I am an avid Crossfitter. I don't think I was too cocky, but I had a little pride that I wasn't willing to give up to learn. 

    I became frustrated with the hurting (ankles/lower back/shins you name it... it hurt at some point)... I like to call it "butt hurt." Some things came easier to me than others, and I broke my cardinal rule. I focused on those things that were easy. When shit got hard, I bailed... Blamed it on my aching back, my cramping thighs, or my burning shins. About a month out from assessment, I stepped up my game... practiced practiced practiced... met up with Vet skaters, watched derby bouts online, tried my 27 in 5 almost every day!!

    My first assessment was miserable. I started having back spasms and freaked out... I bailed. Blamed it on my back, but it was just a lot of hard work that I hadn't been participating in on a weekly basis. No matter how much you practice outside of Saturdays, you WILL NOT get the same effect. So I encourage you to show up on Saturdays, not just be there but show up!!! Participate, when you think you can't go on, stick with the drill another minute (unless you are truly injured).

    My second assessment was much more relaxed... different assessors and less girls. I pushed myself harder than I ever had, why? Because I knew I had to do good!! Why didn't I have that attitude every practice?? I had NO idea that my past performances at practice would be a factor in the decision for me in passing/failing my assessment. So what should you take away from this? Show up, be present, push yourself beyond your comfort zone, because you don't make progress being comfortable. I still hate crossovers and plow stops, but you better believe every time I put on my skates, I work on them!!! Don't let your ego get in the way, be humble, and punish your weakness!!!"

    Tuesday, July 16, 2013

    Off-Skates: How to be a better skater

    Just starting out? Looking to build strength? Want to be a badass?

    It's not all about the skates. Really.

    Derby is part mental game. You have to get your head in the right mindset! Watch footage, visualize yourself doing those things you struggle with at practice, and do power stances in front of your bathroom mirror every morning.
    All hail the Queen of Power Stances!

    Derby takes a TON of core strength and proper form to make each stride powerful and worthwhile.

    This is a great blog post about some off-skates work you can do at home or at your cubicle:
    http://alinedecat.wordpress.com/2013/07/08/5-ways-to-improve-your-skating-in-everyday-life/

    You can also do wall sits. Lots of them. Get rid of your chair at your desk and do squats .


    ALL. DAY. LONG.
    I did this at my desk. You can, too!

    Like this ass? Make it yours!

    Build up proper derby muscle groups, and you will turn into a DERBY ANIMAL. Rawwwrrr!!!
    Eats Jammers 4 Breakfast


    Derby muscle groups to concentrate on:

    ankles
    legs (calves, shins, quads, hamstrings)
    hip flexors (loosen those puppies up!)
    lower back
    abs
    lungs (endurance/cardio!)

    If you are putting together a workout for yourself, make sure it's programmed for derby. Doing bench presses all day will not make you a better skater. Doing leg presses will. Bike often... it is the #1 best way to cross-train for derby muscles!

    As always, be careful when attempting new exercises and learn proper form before attempting something new! Over-committing to squats will stress out knee tendons and create issues. Knees over toes, shoulder width apart!

    What are you doing at your next derby get-together while drinking? WALL SITS!! Make it a game. Last one squatting doesn't have to drink the nasty concoction of rootbeer schnapps and hot 100, mixed with PBR!


    Or you could just be a nerd like me and do wall sits to music in your living room.


    -Calamity

    ps. Also, I do recommend healthy eating to become a true derby machine. We are athletes and should fuel our bodies right! No more burgers and fries after hard practices, girls.... don't undo everything you just did! Some fantastic skaters are vegans, vegetarians, some eat paleo, and some just eat healthy food. I struggle with eating clean all the time, but even a little effort goes a long way. Drink lots of water, too. Odorless and colorless!!

    Tuesday, July 9, 2013

    Post-Assessment. Don't Freak Out!

    There are a gazillion things to think about after you finish your assessments. First, you're probably thrilled that it's over and that you survived! Then... the panic starts to creep in. What if you didn't pass? What if you failed some of the skills? What if Godzilla ate your rules test before it got graded?

    Relax! 

    Everyone gave 100%. Some gave 110%. No one died, and lucky for all of you, the White Star Assessment isn't a precise cut-off like some big leagues on the mainland (we have TWO intakes a year. TWO!! Also, we're having assessments two weekends in a row to accommodate schedules and re-takes. In Minnesota, they have one tryout a year, and you either make it or you're cut. It's 4 hours long, and that's just to make the boot camp that they eventually draft from!).

    In Hawaii, we rely on dedicated new skaters and transfers to bring momentum to our league. It's a very transient place. Many of our island skaters are military or are married to military and are relocated every few years. We need to retain as many skaters as possible! We do NOT want you to get discouraged because you didn't catch on as quick as Janie Speedskater that just transferred from another league, and QUIT. That would defeat the purpose of a Fresh Meat Intake. Not to mention, what would that say about your attitude and your commitment?? Hmm? ;) We have quite a few struggles unique to our location, one of them being the fact that we're surrounded by water and hundreds of miles from other WFTDA leagues. We train hard and have competition on the brain, but we also heavily rely on recruitment to spread the derby fever. You're now a part of the madness! Get excited, and get involved!

    Remember, no matter what, it is super important to stay involved with the league, both when you are waiting to pass your White Star as well as when you DO pass. If it doesn't happen now, it will happen eventually if you stick with it and work your ass off. In the meantime, read this:

    10 Ways You Can Become A Better Roller Derby Player Without Even Putting On Your Skates

    Then start watching bout footage. GO!

    Friday, June 28, 2013

    Week 13: Assessment Overview

    To prepare for assessments next week, here is the copy of last intake's assessment.

    https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0zun_cIyBwnYVdRVkpHZkdNb0E/edit


    Changes that will occur for the Spring/Summer 2013 White Star Assessment will be:

    • 27 laps in 5 minutes or less
    • 1-lap from a standstill in 13 seconds or less
    • backwards skating
    • backwards crossovers
    • elimination of several of the falls
    • addition of transitions
    • other tweaks TBD to comply with the updated WFTDA minimum skills requirements
    A reminder: NO HITTING WILL BE ON THIS ASSESSMENT. Positional blocking only.

    Do the sample rules test off of the WFTDA site. Link to that is here:

    http://wftda.com/resources/wftda-rules-test.pdf
    answer key:
    http://wftda.com/resources/wftda-rules-test-answer-key.pdf

    Or do this:

    http://rollerderbytestomatic.com/test/14

    Each section of the PRD White Star Assessment receives a score of 0-5, 5 being a perfect. All sections are then added together to determine your overall score. 27/5 and the 1-lap in 13 seconds are scored separately as PASS/FAIL. Written tests must score above 70% to pass. If you fail any of these portions, you may re-test on July 13th. If you still do not pass, you may roll into the next intake period and apply your entry fee towards that intake. Intake for Fall/Winter is scheduled to begin on September 7th, 2013. We fully expect anyone doing that to NSO in the meantime and stay involved with the league. You will benefit greatly as a skater through that experience.

    It should be made clear that the purpose of the White Star Assessment is to determine if your skating skills are at a safe enough level to integrate you into league practices, both for yourself and your future teammates. It may feel personal if you do not pass, but try to look at it from a safety perspective! If you are not yet safe enough to skate with girls that have been skating for years and take whatever they throw at you, it is best to wait a little longer and refine your skills until you are comfortable and ready. That said, you should definitely attempt the assessment to see where you're at and find out what you need to improve upon. This is a great opportunity for individual feedback! Do not think of it as a PASS or a FAIL, think of it as an assessment. That's why it's called an assessment, girls! Everyone progresses at a different rate. At the end of the day, roller derby should be fun. It is a challenging sport with a steep learning curve. Practice your heart out, and don't give up due to temporary setbacks! You will be the top of next intake's class if you don't make it through this time. Roller derby has a way of separating out those with lots of determination and discipline from those with little interest in working hard. We want the hard workers in our league and will continue to help you grow as a skater.

    Thank you for all of your commitment so far on Saturdays! There are more announcements to come. Have a great practice tomorrow, and good luck with your trial run. I will see you on July 6th at 9am sharp!

    Calamity

    Sunday, June 23, 2013

    Derby Rules Seminar

    This rules seminar was conducted by our head referee for Pacific Roller Derby, Bacon AteHer. He takes his position on the league very seriously and can be counted on as a reliable source for rules explanation and interpretation. He is approachable and an invaluable asset to our league. Refs are entirely underrated and deserve to be thanked profusely. Without them, we would be a dangerous, sloppy mess on the track. His presentation was intended for beginning Fresh Meat as a supplement to the newly updated 2013 WFTDA rules, found here: http://wftda.com/rules

    Powerpoint to Bacon's Derby Rules 101 Seminar is here: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Yl1mBXPbQKj8Y5o3ZdeuYePsX6ECObfgKKrXZqrynIg/edit#slide=id.p

    Recap, diligently jotted down by Taleisha. I freaking LOVE IT when I can rely on others to help me in a pinch. Thank you so much, T!!!!! Excellent notes to accompany the powerpoint above:

    THE TRACK:
    *Please refer to APPENDIX A of WFTDA rules for further specification*
    1.  Boundaries are considered in bounds
    2.  Pivot line is 35 feet in front of the Jammer line

    ·         TIME & WHISTLES:
    ·         Two, 30 minute periods
    ·         2 minute jams (or 10.8 laps) unless called off by the lead jammer
    ·         30 seconds between jams in regulation time
    ·         Over time consists of 2 minute jams with ONE minute between jams
    ·         If less than 30 seconds are left in the period – no new jam will start UNLESS a time out is called.  IF a jam DOES start with under 30 seconds left in the period the jam continues until the end of 2 minutes
    ·         Each team has 3 timeouts and one official review PER GAME.  Timeouts are one minute long and official reviews last as long as it takes to resolve the issue.
    ·         Single whistle =  Jam start, or penalty
    ·         2 whistles = lead jammer status awarded
    ·         4 whistles = end of the jam
    ·         One long “twirling” whistle = Game start


    ·         TEAMS & GEAR:
    ·         20 skaters on a roster
    ·         14 skaters can play a bout
    ·         Each team can have up to 2 bench staff
    ·         Each team must have one Captain and one Alternate.  The Captain MUST be a skater, the alternate doesn’t have to be a skater
    ·         Uniform safety:  Skater can’t have a helmet with a stripe that looks like a pivot stripe, nor can a skater have a helmet with stars that look like the jammer star.  NO SAFETY PINS ON UNIFORM TO HOLD SKATER OFFICIAL NUMBER!  ALL SAFETY GEAR MUST FIT WELL!!  A cracked helmet must be replaced, while cracked knee caps/elbow caps can be taped up.  Mouth guards must cover ALL upper teeth!
    ·         Uniforms need to match with LEGAL NUMBERS (number can consist of alphabet but must have a digit as well).  Numbers must be visible on the back of skater jersey
    ·         Numbers must be 4 inches in height – any other symbols must be 2 inches or less
    ·         Skaters MUST have their OFFICIAL number on both of the skater’s arms and the number needs to be 2 inches high.
    ·         You can have your number on leggings/shorts/helmet, etc in addition to required areas.
    ·         Skater jersey number cannot be altered with tape!
    ·         Referees will NOT check your skates – make sure to check your own skates and toe stops!
    ·         POSITIONS:
    ·         Blocker – you block, that’s it.
    ·         Pivot –wears a striped helmet panty.  Can block or take the jammer panty and become the jammer due to being eligible for a star pass. (Has to wear star panty OVER pivot panty after a star pass occurs) Owns the pivot line.  Is a “penalty magnet”, meaning the pivot can be assessed a penalty if no other responsible player is available
    ·         Jammer– wears the helmet panty with a star on it and is the only player that can score points.  (The star on the panty has to be visible and the panty on your helmet in order for the jammer to score points)

    ·         SCORING & LEAD JAMMER:
    ·         *Rule 2.2.2 = The team with the most points wins.
    ·         A jammer scores by passing opponents actively.
    ·         The initial pass determines who the lead jammer is, no points are scored during initial pass
    ·         Star pass results in loss of lead jammer status and occurs as soon as the starred helmet panty comes off of the jammer’s helmet.
    ·         Lead jammer can call off the jam by touching hips repeatedly, per the rules the defined hip area is from mid thigh to the waist – front/back
    ·         Points can be scored until the end of the 4th whistle
    ·         In overtime, there is NO LEAD JAMMER and points are scored, by both jammers, on the INITIAL PASS.  With no lead jammer status given in overtime, the jam continues until the full two minutes of the jam is completed.

    ·         PACK & ENGAGEMENT  ZONE:
    ·         The pack = MAJORITY of blockers from BOTH teams within 10 feet of each other.  A no pack situation = no majority of blockers from both teams.
    ·         Position = is relative to other skaters (measured by where your hips are).  The lines within the track denote 10 foot increments and can be used to tell you your relative position.  Position can be determined by whether you’re UP vs. DOWN:  Can you skate?  If yes, you are UP.  If not, you’re considered DOWN and getting up to skate is all you can do. 
    ·         In bounds – out of bounds – exclusively out of bounds:  Touching the taped boundary = in bounds.  Any contact outside of the taped boundary = out of bounds.  No contact with the track at all = exclusively out of bounds.
    ·         Engagement zone = 20 feet from the pack while being up and in bounds.  Engagement zone can be both in FRONT and BEHIND the defined pack.

    ·        PENALTIES : THE FOLLOWING SECTION CAN BE FOUND IN CHAPTER 6 OF THE WFTDA RULES AND IS BROKEN DOWN BY SPECIFIC PENALTIES IN THE FOLLOWING SECTION OF NOTES
    ·         **Blocking zones must impact target zones.  Target zone are front of torso and arms, there is no target zone in the area of the back surrounding the spine (basically no target zone between the bra straps from shoulders, extending all the way down)  Blocking zones are the entire torso,  and shoulder to elbow but not including the elbow and extends to mid thigh.

    ·         ILLEGAL ZONES:
    ·         Illegal target zone – blocking to the back, high or low block (above shoulders or below mid thigh)
    ·         Illegal block zone – use of elbow or forearm and hand, or blocking with the head
    ·         Illegal blocking = multiplayer blocks (2 or more players with a link while blocking an opposing player)
    ·         Out of bounds engagement = assisting or blocking while out of bounds.  ALL ILLEGAL!

    ·         DIRECTION OF GAMEPLAY:
    ·         Direction of game play is counter clockwise aka “derby direction”.  All skaters on the track must be stepping or skating in derby direction
    ·         PENALTIES:
    ·         Clockwise block = skating opposite of derby direction and perform a block.  This is a penalty.

    ·         Stopped block = performing a block while not skating or stepping at all.  This is a penalty.

    ·         Clockwise or stopped assist = occurs opposite of derby direction and assisting a teammate.  This is a penalty.

    ·         Out of play= leaving the engagement zone and fail to return to the pack.  Unless you take action towards returning to the pack, you will be assessed a penalty.  You may or may not be warned of being out of play by the referees so be aware of your position on the track!

    ·         Failure to re-form:  A no pack situation is called, there is no engagement zone as a result.  Every skater on the track MUST reform a pack, failure to do so results in a penalty being assessed.

    ·         Out of play block = left the engagement zone and engaged an opposing player.  Stopping and returning to the pack will prevent this penalty from being given.

    ·         Illegal return = skater leaves the engagement zone and fails to return to the track in the opposite direction.  Can be called on this penalty if you’re being lapped by the pack or you lap the pack.

    ·         Destruction of the pack = Purposefully causing a no pack situation.

    ILLEGAL NON-CONTACT:
    ·         Cutting the track = your hips advancing an opponent’s hips and improving position out of bounds. 
    ·         Skating out of bounds = improving speed or position while out of bounds (you can’t improve either while OOB) or skating across the infield to gain position.
    ·         Insubordination = Can be assessed if a skater fails to do what the referees or NSOs say.  Cursing, failure to act on referee’s instruction in a timely manner, etc can be seen as being insubordinate.
    ·         Delay of game = a team fails to field skaters on the track at the time of jam start ( you need at least one blocker on the track at jam start), an injured player doesn’t sit out the required amount of time and comes back into the track illegally, failure to field a jammer.  Basically, having no jammer (unless in penalty box) or not having any blockers on the track can be delay of game.  If you’re in queue to be in the penalty box and fail to return to the track if waved off by penalty box NSOs can also cause a delay of game.

    ILLEGAL PROCEDURES:
    ·         False start can occur if blockers are lined up in front of the pivot’s hips or in front of the pivot line.  Can also occur if a jammer accelerates before the whistle,  if the jammer lines up in front of the jammer line, or if blockers line up on or behind the jam line.
    ·         Too many skaters on the track = more than the 5 required players on the track when the jam starts.  This also takes any players in the penalty box into account.
    ·         Illegal call-off = calling off the jam when you are NOT the lead jammer
    ·         Illegal re-entry= when a skater is sent off the track (for injury or to serve penalty time) and fails to return to the track BEHIND THE PACK SKATERS. 
    ·         Illegal engaging = contact prior to the jam start OR after the end of the 4th whistle at the end of a jam.
    ·         Penalty box violation = Going to the penalty box without being penalized.  A skater is not allowed to be in the penalty box – for any reason – unless there to serve the required time for a penalty assessed to them by a referee.  ( In other words, stay out of the box unless you are supposed to be there).  Once a skater is in the box, serving the required time, the skater needs to stay there until all their time is served and they are released by the penalty box NSO; this includes staying in the penalty box during time outs.
    ·         Uniform violation = **this was discussed in the notes under the section “Teams&Gear”
    ·   Star pass violation = a star pass MUST occur IN the engagement zone.  The jammer panty has to be HANDED to the pivot.  The pivot cannot be in queue for the penalty box.  Any blocker illegally blocking the star pass will be given a penalty.
    ·   Equipment violation = removal of ANY equipment during the bout.  The only exception is removal of mouthguard while in the penalty box.  ALL EQUIPMENT MUST STAY ON FOR THE DURATION OF THE GAME.
    ·   Interference= occurs prior to the jam whistle and involves lining up and interfering with other players at jam start
    ·   Stalling =lining up prior to jam start, where at the starting whistle it takes you an unreasonable time to skate
    ·   Illegal positioning = prior to jam start, a team lines up in such a way to where a pack cannot be formed

    ILLEGAL CONTACT:
    ·   Misconduct is always a major penalty.
    ·   Gross misconduct can lead to expulsion and can be grounds for multi-game suspension
    SERVING YOUR PENALTY TIME:
    ·         When given a penalty, immediately skate off the track and to the penalty box in derby direction
    ·         “Sit like a lady” – approach the box in a controlled manner and sit in the appropriate chair without causing the chair to move and/or hit someone
    ·         Stand when instructed to by the NSO.  Don’t stand before given the instruction!
    ·         Make a clean exit once time has been served.
    ·         If you attempt to serve a penalty and the penalty box is full – YOU MUST BE WAVED OFF BY THE PENALTY BOX STAFF BEFORE RETURNING TO THE TRACK.  YOU WILL BE WAVED OFF BY THE PENALTY BOX STAFF UNTIL AN OPENING OCCURS.